Who can request a school testimonial?

Who can officially request a testimonial from their previous or current school—I’m wondering specifically about current students versus alumni, and whether parents can request on behalf of a minor student? Also, does the purpose of the testimonial matter, like needing it for university applications, job opportunities, immigration purposes, or maybe just personal records? Are there any restrictions or special cases, such as former students who left several years ago versus recent graduates, or individuals who completed only partial programs like short courses or exchange semesters? Essentially, I need to understand all eligible categories of people, both internal (current staff, current pupils) and external (graduates, former staff), who are permitted to initiate a formal request for a school testimonial, and any conditions attached to their eligibility.Who can request a school testimonial depends on the relationship to the student, the purpose of the request, and applicable privacy laws. Generally, the following individuals and entities can request school testimonials:

1. Students themselves – Current or former students who have reached the age of majority or emancipated minors may request their own academic testimonials.

2. Parents or legal guardians – Parents of minor students or parents of adult students with proper authorization can request testimonials on behalf of their children.

3. Educational institutions – Other schools, colleges, or universities may request testimonials when a student is transferring or applying for admission.

4. Potential employers – Businesses and organizations may request testimonials for employment consideration.

5. Scholarship committees – Organizations offering scholarships may request testimonials as part of the application process.

6. Government agencies – Immigration authorities, visa processing offices, or other government agencies may request academic testimonials for verification purposes.

7. Educational consultants – Professionals working directly with students and their families who have proper authorization.

8. Third parties with written consent – Individuals or organizations that have obtained written authorization from the student or their legal guardian.

9. Insurance providers – In rare cases where academic records are relevant to insurance claims or applications.

10. Legal representatives – Attorneys or legal representatives can request testimonials when necessary for legal proceedings, with proper legal authorization.

Schools typically require specific authorization (written consent) before releasing any testimonial or academic information to protect student privacy and comply with educational privacy laws such as FERPA in the United States. The exact requirements may vary by country and educational institution.